Analysis & Assessment · ONACC

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Studies and technical notes to understand impacts, quantify risks and support public and sectoral decisions. For now, this page presents key findings from the ONACC report on economic losses due to climate change impacts on major agricultural crops in Cameroon’s five agro-ecological zones.

798,26 Md FCFA in estimated agricultural losses in 2024

6 710 Md FCFA cumulative GDP losses linked to climate shocks

5 475 farmers surveyed across the five agro-ecological zones

34 export companies and organizations consulted

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The contents below are organized according to five analysis and assessment product families: impact reports, prospective studies, sectoral risk analyses, cost assessments and decision-support notes. A dedicated database table can be connected later.

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2025 report

Assessment of economic losses due to climate change impacts on major agricultural crops

National study covering Cameroon’s five agro-ecological zones.

This study assesses economic losses due to climate change in productive sectors, regional agricultural losses, farmers’ perceptions and adaptation strategies, and impacts on export competitiveness.

Impact assessment reports May 2025 Cameroon · 10 regions 5,475 farmers surveyed

Assessment of economic losses in productive sectors.
Regional agricultural loss analysis by crop and agro-ecological zone.
Perception, adaptation and institutional support analysis.

Key result

Agricultural economic losses estimated at 798.26 billion FCFA in 2024

Climate-related losses affecting major crops.

Total economic losses due to climate change in Cameroon’s ten regions are estimated at 798,258,440,471 FCFA, with major impacts on cocoa, maize, oil palm, plantain, rice, cotton, coffee, onion and pepper.

Impact cost assessments 2024 10 regions 798,258,440,471 FCFA

Cocoa: 385.48 billion FCFA in estimated losses.
Maize: 145.70 billion FCFA in estimated losses.
Plantain: 98.38 billion FCFA in estimated losses.

Productive sectors

Agriculture is the sector most affected by climate shocks

Temperature and rainfall shock analysis over 1980-2022.

From 1980 to 2022, agriculture recorded around 638 billion FCFA in losses linked to temperature shocks and 171 billion FCFA linked to rainfall shocks, confirming its high exposure to climate disruption.

Sectoral climate risk analyses 1980–2022 National economy 809 billion FCFA agriculture

Temperature shocks: 638 billion FCFA in agricultural losses.
Rainfall shocks: 171 billion FCFA in agricultural losses.
Agriculture stands out as the most vulnerable productive sector.

Projection

More than 2,500 billion FCFA in possible economic losses by 2032

Prospective simulation under the RCP 4.5 climate scenario.

Simulations indicate that Cameroon’s economy could lose more than 2,500 billion FCFA by 2032 due to climate change, equivalent to more than 9.2% of 2023 GDP.

Prospective climate studies By 2032 RCP 4.5 scenario +2,500 billion FCFA

Major projected losses for national GDP.
Expected impacts on agriculture and manufacturing.
Need for budgetary and sectoral anticipation.

Agro-ecological zones

The bimodal forest zone concentrates more than 314 billion FCFA in losses

Centre, South and East — cocoa, maize and plantain exposure.

The bimodal rainfall forest zone, Cameroon’s main cocoa-producing area, records the highest losses, particularly for cocoa, maize and plantain.

Impact cost assessments 2024 Bimodal forest zone +314 billion FCFA

Key zone for national cocoa production.
Major losses linked to disrupted rainy seasons.
Need for targeted measures for forest farming systems.

Vulnerable zone

The Sudano-Sahelian zone remains highly vulnerable

North and Far North — cotton, onion, rice and maize.

The Sudano-Sahelian zone shows high vulnerability, especially for cotton, onion, rice and maize, due to climate variability, dry spells and limited natural resources.

Sectoral climate risk analyses 2024 Sudano-Sahelian zone ≈112 billion FCFA

Most vulnerable zone to climate change.
High exposure to dry spells and delayed rainfall.
Major food security and rural income issues.

Perception

Farmers strongly perceive climate effects on production

Perception, adaptation and access to climate information.

Most farmers surveyed perceive the effects of temperature variation on soil quality, production quantity and quality, as well as disruptions in agricultural seasons.

Impact assessment reports 2024 survey 5,475 farmers 70–90% concerned

Delayed rainfall, shifted seasons and dry spells reported.
Increased need for training on adaptation measures.
Mobile phones, TV and radio as climate information channels.

Recommendations

Action priorities to strengthen agricultural resilience

Measures for decision-makers, local authorities and producers.

The report recommends intensifying climate service dissemination, integrating climate into agricultural policies, strengthening irrigation, promoting agroecology, developing index-based climate insurance and training producers.

Decision-support technical notes 2025 Public decision 6 priorities

Strengthened dissemination of climate services.
Investments in water, irrigation and soil conservation.
Index-based climate insurance targeting key crops.

Export

Climate change affects the quality of exported agricultural products

Rejections, humidity, storage and export losses.

The study shows that climate change affects the quality of agricultural products intended for export, particularly through humidity, poor drying, storage and packaging problems.

Sectoral climate risk analyses 2023–2024 Agricultural exporters 34 companies

42.42% of surveyed exporters report climate influence on rejection rates.
Humidity and poor drying are among the main causes.
Export quality is becoming a climate adaptation issue.

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Main source used for this page

ONACC 2025 report: “Assessment of economic losses due to climate change impacts on major agricultural crops in Cameroon’s five agro-ecological zones.” This page can later be connected to a dedicated database table for reports, studies and technical notes.